Category: video

How to Install Plex on Linux the Easy Way! (sponsored post)

Installing Plex on Linux is easier than you might think, even on a low-cost mini PC like the GMKtec G3 with its Intel N100 processor (compensated affiliate link). The goal of this tutorial is to set up the Plex Media Server without diving into complex command lines, making it accessible even for those not well-versed in Linux.

I chose Ubuntu 24.04 which is known for its user-friendly setup. I installed Ubuntu on a MSATA M.2 SSD inside the G3, allowing me to dual boot between Windows and Linux. My Windows installation is on the G3’s other M.2 slot’s NVME drive.

For this example I have an external USB SSD attached with two movies and a season of a television show for demonstration purposes. I suggest formatting the drive in the exFAT format which will simplify access permissions.

The installation process, guided by a thorough online tutorial, involves using a USB drive to boot and install the OS. Once set up, the desktop environment is ready for use, with an app center to facilitate installing additional software like Plex.

To install Plex, I accessed the app center, searched for Plex Media Server, and installed it with a click. After logging into my Plex account and naming the server, it was time to add media libraries. The process involves pointing Plex to the appropriate folders on the external drive where my media is stored. This setup is straightforward, similar to what one would experience on Windows.

Hardware transcoding is a notable feature that works efficiently on Linux. Unlike Windows, Linux supports hardware HDR to SDR tone mapping, significantly improving performance when trying to transcode large HDR 4k Blu Ray files to much smaller streams for remote viewing.

Testing with a 4K HDR movie and a TV show episode simultaneously, the mini PC handled the transcoding with ease, utilizing less than 35% of system resources. By contrast, the Windows version of the Plex media server ground to a halt when the 4k movie began transcoding due to its hardware transcoder not accelerating the tone mapping process. On Windows only Nvidia GPUs are supported right now for hardware tone mapping.

Updating the system and Plex server is managed through the app center, ensuring the software remains current. I also detailed in the video how to back up the installation by navigating to the Plex data stored in var/lib/plexmediaserver/Library/Application Support/Plex Media Server/.

Personally I’ve found Docker to be the best way to manage Plex on Linux as it makes the installation easier to backup and migrate. But Docker does bring with it more installation complexity. In the future we might take unRAID out for a spin that integrates Docker in a very user friendly way. Stay tuned!

Disclosure: This was a paid sponsorship by Plex. However they did not review or approve this video before it was uploaded and all opinions are my own.

FCC Docket on Local Blackout Rebates Opens up a Can of Worms..

A recent FCC rule proposal has sparked significant debate between broadcasters and cable companies over retransmission fees. This proposed ruling, initially intended to require customer rebates when local channels are pulled from a lineup, has evolved into a contentious issue with potential implications for the ATSC 3.0 transition and the desire of broadcasters to encrypt their signals. You can learn all about it in my latest video.

The scenario contemplated by the proposed ruling is becoming more and more common as broadcasters continue to raise their rates and cable companies are pushing back and pulling local channels from lineups. Consumers, who continue to pay their cable bills despite losing access to these channels, are left footing the bill while providers potentially profit.

An executive order from the Biden Administration aimed at addressing such consumer issues has led to this and other similar actions across many industries. A recent high profile example involves the FTC’s recent actions against Adobe for hidden fees and restrictive cancellation policies.

Cable companies, predictably, oppose the FCC’s proposed rule. Verizon and other industry players argue that the rule could harm consumers by giving broadcasters additional leverage in negotiations. The National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NCTA) claims that calculating the cost of carrying networks is complex, despite many providers like Comcast providing itemized fees appearing on customer bills.

Dish Network’s response stands out, proposing reforms to the retransmission consent process while also opposing the FCC’s proposal. Dish highlights that many broadcasters demand carriage of additional, non-broadcast channels they own as part of the agreement to carry local affiliates. Dish also suggests allowing cable providers to import out-of-market signals as a leverage tactic and advocates for a la carte pricing to save consumers money by letting them choose their own lineup.

The Dish Network filing offers a window into what is usually hidden from consumer and government oversight. The carriage and retransmission agreements between broadcasters and cable distributors are always done in private without any involvement or oversight from consumers or government regulators.

Broadcasters counter that pay-TV providers never pass along savings to consumers. They argue that government intervention is unnecessary, as private negotiations should dictate terms. Dish rebuts by pointing out the dramatic increase in retransmission fees, which have surged by 2,600% since 2009, far outpaced inflation and economic growth.

A critical aspect not discussed in this debate are consumers’ ability to receive free over-the-air TV using antennas. Broadcasters are complicating this with the new ATSC 3.0 standard by encrypting signals, which necessitates specialized, licensed equipment. This move seems aimed at pushing consumers towards paid cable subscriptions.

Efforts are underway to oppose this encryption. A significant number of consumers have filed comments with the FCC and signed my petition urging the FCC to ban encrypting free over the air television.

Copilot+ AI Features Are Meh…

The new ARM-based CoPilot+ PCs (compensated affilate link) have generated a lot of buzz, but the reality of their exclusive AI features is far less impressive that marketed. HP loaned me their Omnibook X 14 for my recent review and I put Microsoft’s heavily marketed AI features to the test. The verdict? Meh.. See more in this video.

Starting with the Paint application, the “Co-create” feature allows users to enhance their drawings with AI with images generated on-device using the new Snapdragon Elite X processor. The feature will generate artwork in a number of different styles based on the user’s original drawing but it also requires a text prompt.

Because the image generation happens on device, the Snapdragon isn’t capable of generating the types of beautiful images found on cloud-based solutions like OpenAI’s Dall-E. Still the images generate quickly and without the complex UI of some of the open source on-device solutions I’ve played with. In short, it’s a gee-whiz feature that sorta works but is not very useful.

My big gripe is that although this AI does its work on-device, it still requires an Internet connection to execute. The reason? Microsoft’s servers review each request to make sure users aren’t doing something the company finds inappropriate.

In the Photos app, the AI enhancement feature can add fun background elements to portraits but struggles with more complex tasks. Like the Cocreate feature, it will require a prompt (and server approval) but will do its work on an existing photo. But the results are lackluster at best. Images without people get mangled up pretty decently. When people are present the AI will only add background effects as safety policies will not allow the user to do any manipulation of images with human faces.

Live Captions, another CoPilot+ feature, offers real-time translation of video and audio content. This feature stands out as genuinely useful, accurately translating spoken language during video playback and calls. However, it only translates into English and does not support two-way translation just yet.

Copilot+ adds a few more webcam Studio Effects like eye contact adjustment, making it appear as though the user is looking at the camera even when they’re not. This subtle feature, along with improved background blur and creative filters, enhances video call experiences but remains a minor improvement of a feature already found in recent Intel and AMD based devices.

Notably absent from these devices is what was supposed to be the flagship AI feature called Recall. This feature takes screenshots of the user’s activity along with associated documents and applications open at the time and allows the user to search through their history using plain language prompts. If, for example, a user was planning a trip and lost track of a website they had visited a simple text query could pull it out of the usage history.

Recall is a great task for the limited capacity of the on-board NPU but it raised a number of privacy and security concerns that forced Microsoft to pause the feature’s release. Without Recall the AI functionality Microsoft built their Copilot+ PC marketing campaign around falls way short in this reviewer’s opinion.

Overall, while the AI features on CoPilot+ PCs are interesting, they are not compelling enough to justify choosing these devices over traditional Intel or AMD-based machines. The promise of superior battery life and performance improvements will be the real test for these ARM machines. You can check out my review of the HP Omnibook X here to see how well it does in those key areas.

HP Omnibook X 14 Review – ARM Based CoPilot+ Windows PC

I recently had the chance to test out the new HP Omnibook X14, one of the first set of PCs marketed under Microsoft’s Copilot+ line. This model is powered by the Snapdragon X Elite processor, an ARM-based chip similar to those found in smartphones and MacBooks. Historically, Windows on ARM has struggled with performance and compatibility issues, but this new chip aims to bridge that gap.

You can see it in action in my latest review!

The Omnibook X14 is priced at around $1,149 (compensated affiliate link), placing it in the mid-range of the laptop market. It boasts several AI features, although these seem underwhelming and not a significant reason to choose this model over Intel or AMD alternatives. I demoed those features in my previous video. My focus for this review is on its performance as a standard laptop.

In terms of hardware, it comes with 16 GB of LPDDR5x RAM and a 512 GB NVMe solid-state drive. The 14-inch display runs at a 2.2k resolution and is a touch panel, although it doesn’t support full 360-degree rotation. The build quality is solid, with an aluminum body and a weight just under 3 pounds. However, the keyboard tends to lift with the display, a minor inconvenience not seen in more premium laptops.

The Omnibook features a decent 1440p webcam with a manual shutter, suitable for video calls. The speakers are adequate for conference calls but not impressive for music. The keyboard is comfortable, with good key spacing and travel, and the trackpad works well once tap-to-click is disabled. It supports facial recognition for quick logins but lacks a fingerprint reader. In terms of ports, it includes a 10 gigabit USB-C port and a faster 40 gigabit USB 4.0 port, although compatibility with Thunderbolt devices is hit-or-miss in my testing on the USB 4.

Performance-wise, the Omnibook X14 handles productivity tasks well. Running Microsoft Word and browsing with the Brave browser was smooth and responsive, comparable to mid-range Intel or AMD laptops that cost about the same. This is a major improvement over prior ARM windows PCs I’ve tested where performance was well below comparably priced PCs.

Battery life is the standout feature here, with reports suggesting up to 24 hours on a single charge. In my experience, it easily handled a full day of work without needing a recharge, aligning it with the longevity seen in MacBook Air models. I have yet to hit a batter warning even with leaving it unplugged throughout the day.

For more demanding tasks, such as video editing, the laptop performed admirably with DaVinci Resolve when using the ARM-optimized version of the software. This marks a significant improvement over previous ARM-based machines, although the availability of optimized applications like this one remains a limiting factor.

Windows is doing a much better job of emulating Intel & AMD x86/x64 code on ARM processors – applications run without much fuss provided they’re relatively simple applications. But as before gaming remains a weak point. Popular titles like No Man’s Sky and Red Dead Redemption 2 failed to run properly due to compatibility issues. Doom Eternal did boot up but experienced significant glitches and inconsistent performance. All three games run at surprisingly good framerates on similarly priced Intel and AMD hardware.

Benchmark tests, such as 3DMark Wildlife, suggest there is potential for great performance once games are optimized for the chipset. But, like the video editing example above, developers have to make some effort to port their games over to the new platform to realize the performance potential. The Windows emulation layer simply doesn’t cut it.

I also attempted to run Linux on the Omnibook but was unsuccessful. The ARM version of Ubuntu did not fully boot, though it reached the GRUB screen. The Omnibook does run with a standard UEFI bios so it should be possible to get Linux up and running in the very near future.

The HP Omnibook X and the other Snapdragon Elite X PCs released this week represent a step forward for Windows running on ARM processors. Previous iterations sacrificed both performance and compatibility for battery life, but these new machines only struggle with compatibility.

For now, if your needs are basic productivity applications and super long battery life, the Omnibook X is a solid choice. However, if gaming or specialized software is a priority, you’ll want to stick with more traditional hardware unless there’s a specific ARM port of the application. By comparison, Intel and AMD battery life is much better than it was a few years ago (although not as good as the new Copilot+ line), and the latest iteration of x64 processors also have NPU hardware acceleration for AI applications.

Third Time’s a Charm for ARM PCs? My hands-on first impressions.

Microsoft and its partners have started shipping CoPilot+ PCs equipped with the new Qualcomm Snapdragon X Elite ARM processors. Microsoft and Qualcomm claim that these new chips are finally comparable to the ARM-based Apple silicon processors found in Macs. This is promising since, to date, the best-performing ARM-based Windows PCs in my experience are Macs!

I attended a Lenovo press event in New York City yesterday and got some hands on time with two of their new devices: the Yoga Slim 7x and the new ThinkPad T14s Gen 6. The Yoga is pictured below:

In addition to the battery longevity benefits ARM processors have always brought to Windows, these new PCs promise to add some limited on-device generative AI functionality – most of it centered around image generation.

One demo involved a new feature being added to Microsoft Paint that allows the user to draw a rudimentary image and then have the on-board AI generate a much nicer looking version in a number of different styles.

The user still has to enter a text prompt although the AI will take into account the placement of objects in the original image. The photo above doesn’t show that happening, but I did see it correctly place the tree and sun in subsequent image generations. The Windows image viewer also brings similar generative features to images and photos.

Co-pilot+ PCs will get additional OS-level webcam controls that allow for adding realtime filters and a few other neat effects not found on other PCs.

According to a Microsoft blog post, additional on-device AI features are available from third party developers including some generative text capabilties. I did find it odd that Microsoft did not include any generative text features at the OS level like Google and Apple recently announced in their operating systems.

I also saw a short demo of the now infamous Microsoft Recall feature that takes snapshots of user activity and provides the ability to quickly go back to documents, applications and websites with a simple plain english query. Clearly this was going to be the centerpiece of the new embedded AI features but security concerns forced Microsoft to hold off on its release for now.

Without Recall the AI features are a bit underwhelming and currently limited only to these new Snapdragon Elite X PCs. Intel and AMD both have embedded NPUs on their new processors so over time Copilot+ features will likely make their way across the Windows ecosystem which will be necessary for widespread developer adoption.

While these AI features will all execute on device, user queries do apparently get sent to Microsoft to prevent inappropriate use. When I get these machines in for review I plan to explore exactly what type of monitoring will be going on with them.

From a performance perspective the new Snapdragon X Elite feels like a nice step up from the ARM PCs I’ve looked at previously. While the prior attempts delivered great battery life, performance was lackluster especially for applications that were not specifically written for the ARM architecture. This will be another area we’ll explore in my upcoming reviews.

You can see a lineup of CoPilot+ PCs at Best Buy (compensated affiliate link). Most are selling at or above $1,000. Both HP and Lenovo are sending me loaner units to play with. Stay tuned!

ATSC 3.0 Emergency Alerts Stalled?

AWARN, an organization dedicated to standardizing television emergency alerts, has been instrumental in developing parts of the ATSC 3.0 standard. Their goal is to ensure that emergency alerts are consistent nationwide, allowing people to receive critical information in times of crisis. Improved emergency alerts has been one of the key selling points the industry is making in favor of adoption.

Like everything related to the ATSC 3.0 rollout, not much progress has been made in actually getting these these alerts to work. While the industry worked quickly to encrypt their signals to protect revenues, everything else appears to be falling by the wayside. This is the subject of my latest video.

John Lawson, AWARN’s executive director, told me that both broadcasters and the FCC need to provide some leadership to get this superior alert technology ready for the transition:

“Several major broadcast companies highlighted advanced alerting as the key benefit of NextGen TV when they filed comments requesting that the Commission approve voluntary transmission in ATSC 3.0. Chairman Pai thanked me personally for the role of AWARN in getting him to three votes for approval. But Sinclair and Capitol Broadcasting are really the only two broadcast companies making investments in advanced alerting since then. This inertia is exacerbated by a lack of leadership on the issue from the FCC.”

-Statement from John Lawson

Currently, emergency alerts are not being transmitted via ATSC 3.0 in most if not all markets, as demoed by WNY Weather on YouTube. This could pose a significant risk during emergencies when cellular networks are often the first to fail.

In a recent FCC Filing, AWARN showed examples of widespread cell tower outages during hurricanes in Florida and Louisiana but very few TV stations getting knocked off the air.

ATSC 3.0 promises enhanced alert features like geo-targeting to prevent “over alerting,” rich media content, device wakeup capabilities and more, which are crucial for effective emergency communication. These features can provide detailed information, such as evacuation routes and shelter locations, directly to affected individuals. Despite this potential, the lack of a standardized approach means these capabilities remain underutilized.

AWARN’s presentation to the FCC included practical suggestions, such as the use of battery-powered receivers for low-income households that might not have access to other forms of media. These receivers could ensure that everyone receives emergency alerts, regardless of their financial situation. They also pointed out that current set-top boxes like the ADTH and Zinwell devices could support these alerts, though no broadcasters are transmitting them yet.

The promise of ATSC 3.0 in improving emergency alerts remains unfulfilled due to a combination of industry priorities and a lack of interest by regulators for any part of the ATSC 3.0 rollout. The technology is available, but without a coordinated effort, its life-saving potential will not be realized.

Retrobat : One Click Retro Emulation on Windows – Even Works on USB Drives!

After hearing from viewers about Retrobat, I decided to explore this one-click installer for retro game emulators. Retrobat supports a vast array of systems and offers a simple installation process, making it easy to organize and manage games with just a game controller. You can see it in action in my latest video.

One appealing feature is its portability; by installing it on an external hard drive, I can carry my configurations, save games, and save states between different computers seamlessly.

I started by downloading Retrobat from its website and proceeded with the installation, opting to place it on an external drive for portability. The installation was straightforward, involving a typical Windows setup process. Once installed, the software created essential folders like BIOS and ROMs on my drive. I began by adding some Sega Genesis games, as they do not require BIOS files to run. After copying the ROM files to the appropriate folder, I launched Retrobat.

The initial boot of Retrobat was smooth, and my games appeared in the menu without any additional configuration. The interface even applied a CRT-like curvature to the display, which can be customized or disabled based on preference. Using the scraper feature, I quickly matched metadata and box art to my games. Game manuals were also added to the interface thanks to the Screenscraper database.

For systems requiring BIOS files, like the 3DO, Retrobat provided clear instructions on obtaining and placing these files in the correct directory. Once the BIOS was added, games from that system ran without issue.

Retrobat also manages controller profiles so no up-front configuration is required in almost every instance. Even hot keys like save states tend to work the same no matter which emulator Retrobat summons to play a game.

The best part is that when I moved my USB SSD to another computer everything picked up right where I left off. All of the meta data, interface preferences and even save states carried over seamlessly.

Retrobat simplifies the emulation experience on Windows PCs, offering an easy-to-use interface and extensive customization options. Its portability makes it an excellent choice for those who want to enjoy retro gaming across multiple devices without repeatedly configuring settings.

Google Adds HDMI/DisplayPort Output on Pixel 8 Series Phones

For a long time, Google’s Pixel phones, including the flagship models, lacked the ability to connect directly to an external display via their USB-C ports. Users had to rely on Chromecast for screen mirroring.

That all changed this week with a new “feature drop” for the new Pixel 8, 8a, and 8 Pro phones which can now output video directly through a USB-C to HDMI or DisplayPort adapter. You can see it in action in my latest video.

The setup process is straightforward: connect a USB-C to HDMI adapter to the phone, then link it to a display. I also found docking stations and USB-C hubs with video output work well too. Once connected, the phone displays a message indicating that it’s ready to mirror to an external display.

In practical use, I found it to work well but with some limitations. When using Google Photos, for example, the Pixel does not adjust the external display to the proper aspect ratio resulting in photos and videos not filling the external screen.

I also tested latency using a Sega Genesis emulator. The experience was decent, with some minor input lag typical of Bluetooth controllers connected to Android devices. Like the Google Photos example there are aspect ratio issues that result in a much smaller play area.

In a followup YouTube Short, I answered a viewer’s question about apps that support controlling the external display independently using the video camera app Filmic Pro. Filmic Pro supports a “clean” output over HDMI while still having control overlays, monitors, etc. on the phone display. These features worked fine on the Pixel 8a phone tested.

There are rumors that Google might introduce a desktop mode similar to Samsung’s DeX, which offers a more desktop-like experience when connected to an external display. Some beta versions reportedly include this feature, though it is not yet available in the current release. As it stands, the feature is purely mirroring with no additional desktop interface.

Overall, this update marks a positive step for Pixel phones, particularly for the Pixel 8 series users. The ability to mirror the phone’s display directly to an external monitor via a USB-C to HDMI adapter adds versatility to the devices, especially useful for presentations, video playback, and casual gaming. However, this feature is currently limited to the Pixel 8, 8A, and 8 Pro, with no indications that it will be rolled out to older models.

Check out my Pixel 8a review here!

Disclosure: the Google Pixel 8a phone featured in this video was provided free of charge by Google. No other compensation was received and no one has reviewed or approved this content before it was uploaded.

HP Chromebook Plus 14 Review (14a-nf0050nr)

In my latest video, I take a look at HP’s Chromebook Plus 14. It is basic computing transportation but it’s decent basic computing transportation.

The laptop is priced at $529 (compensated affiliate link) and comes equipped with features that distinguish it from standard Chromebooks, including AI writing tools and advanced webcam controls. I covered those features in my prior Chromebook Plus videos.

A notable addition to Chromebook Plus is a one-year subscription to Google’s Gemini Advanced AI service, which typically costs $20 per month. This subscription includes two terabytes of cloud storage that works across any devices connected to the user’s Google account. This Chromebook will receive updates through June 2033, and should receive many new Chromebook Plus software features as they are developed.

Under the hood, the HP Chromebook Plus 14 is powered by an Intel i3-N305 processor, part of the Alder Lake lineup, which is known for its balance of performance and power efficiency. Paired with 8GB of RAM and 128GB of UFS storage, this configuration provided good performance for typical Chromebook tasks such as web browsing, word processing, and media consumption. The 14-inch display, while not suited for professional creative work due to its limited color gamut, offers sharp and readable text with a resolution of 1080p.

The device also includes a 1080p webcam, featuring a manual shutter for privacy and OS-level controls for background blurring and lighting adjustments. While the speakers provide adequate sound for conference calls, they may not satisfy audiophiles seeking high-quality music playback. The build quality, predominantly plastic, does not feel cheap and maintains a balance between durability and weight. It weights 3.2 pounds or 1.45 kg.

Connectivity options are good, with two full-service USB-C ports supporting display output, data transfer and power input, alongside a headphone/microphone jack and a USB-A port.

During my tests, the Chromebook Plus 14 managed tasks efficiently without significant issues. However, I recommend using web browsers for streaming services like Netflix and Disney Plus to ensure optimal resolution, as the Android apps for these services may not support full display resolution on Chromebooks.

Benchmark tests reinforced the Chromebook’s capabilities, with the device scoring well in web-based performance assessments. It also handled Android games and game streaming services like GeForce Now effectively, though it may struggle with titles designed for ARM processors. I was unable to get Genshin Impact to install, for example.

For those interested in running Linux applications, the Chromebook Plus 14 supports a variety of Linux apps, including LibreOffice, which operates smoothly on the device.

All in the “Plus” in Chromebook Plus does not add a price premium, but it is a good indication of a better performing Chromebook. The performance on this HP is excellent and its free year of cloud storage makes it a decent value for those looking for a no frills laptop.

Disclosure: The HP Chromebook was provided on loan. No compensation was received for this review nor did anyone review or approve this before it was uploaded.

New Google Chromebook Plus Features

Google recently announced the addition of new features to their Chromebook Plus devices, a tier that was introduced a few months ago. In my latest video, I take these new features out for a spin and demo them.

Many existing Chromebooks meet the minimum specifications for this “Plus” category and have been upgraded with additional capabilities not available on lower-end models. If you are curious whether your device qualifies, a previous video from October provides detailed information. So far the “Plus” designation has not resulted in a price premium for midrange Chromebooks – pricing is still very competitive vs. comparable Windows laptops.

Among the new features is the Gemini Advanced subscription service, offered for free for one year to those purchasing a new Chromebook Plus. Typically priced at $20 per month, this subscription includes access to an advanced chatbot, which is competitive with ChatGPT for data analysis and large file summarization. Gemini Advanced features will also be available in Google Workspace apps. Additionally, the subscription provides two terabytes of Google Cloud Storage, benefiting users across all devices linked to their Google account.

One of the standout features is the “Help Me Write” tool that is now integrated into the OS. This AI-powered assistant can rewrite text fields on any website, offering improvements for SEO or adding playful elements like emojis.

The Magic Photo Editor has also been enhanced, borrowing features from Google’s Pixel phones. Users can now remove background elements or repositioning subjects within a photo and have the effected areas rendered with generative AI. While this feature sometimes struggles with complex environments, it generally performs well in simpler scenarios.

Another addition is the live caption feature, previously seen on Pixel devices. This tool transcribes audio in real-time from any source running through the Chromebook’s audio system, though it currently only supports English. It proves useful for capturing spoken content across different applications.

For gamers, the new Game Dashboard allows for keyboard mapping of touchscreen controls across all Chromebooks. This feature, however, does not support game controllers. Additionally, Chromebook Plus users can now record gameplay sessions or create GIFs from screen captures, making it easier to share content online.

The update also introduces dynamic AI-generated backgrounds and wallpapers. While the options are somewhat limited, they provide unique, visually appealing customization for the device.

The overall approach to these updates reflects Google’s strategy to integrate subtle, useful AI features into the operating system. More enhancements are expected for the Chromebook Plus tier, promising continual improvement for Chromebook Plus users.

Wrenching on my old Apple IIe! Adding an FPGA HDMI and sound card

I am a sucker for new hardware for old bits of tech. I’ve covered a number of flash cartridges over the years for old game consoles that add new functionality like save states, integrated cheat devices, audio expansion and more. My Apple II collection also has a bunch of new, modern hardware installed. You can see what my Apple IIgs has inside here.

In my latest video I detail a new piece of Apple II hardware called the A2FPGA. This card, featuring a built-in FPGA, initially allows for a clean 480p HDMI video output with audio and simulates the old “Mockingboard” sound card. I say initially because the FPGA on the card is programmable and it will likely be able to replicate the logic of many other expansion cards with future firmware updates. The card is an open source design but can be purchased fully assembled at ReactiveMicro for $199.

The card comes with the most recent firmware preinstalled so it’s mostly plug-and-play. There are a few dip switches on the front of the card which I left mostly in their default settings, although I did disable the option for scanlines to appear in the HDMI output.

On first boot everything worked great – the video output was the cleanest I’ve ever seen out of this computer as before our only option was a composite output. The first game I booted up was my old copy of Skyfox that has support for the Mockingboard audio capabilities. It was really cool to hear the enhanced stereo soundtrack that was locked away on the floppy disk for decades!

The only other hardware modification I made was to unplug the Apple //e’s built in speaker. It will output simultaneously with the HDMI and there is no way to disable the internal speaker short of unplugging it from the mainboard.

I tested out a few other things too like 80 column text mode, and a game called the Halley Project that made creative use of the native Apple II sound system to play around 20 seconds of digitized audio. Everything worked flawlessly.

I am excited to see what new capabilities will be added to this card in the future! If you are curious about what an FPGA is, Bob from RetroRGB and I did a fun explainer at Retro World Expo a few years ago. You can see it here.

Amazon Gadget Haul #6! Hits and Misses

In my latest Amazon gadget haul, I explored a variety of lesser known tech products to see which ones (if any) stood out.

  • Wavlink Thunderbolt NVMe Hard Drive Enclosure: Unfortunately, this product had a lot of potential but simply did not work. Despite trying multiple drives and configurations, it couldn’t be made to work on any device, so I suggest skipping this one.
  • Budget-Friendly 4K 60fps Video Capture Card: Although it claimed high performance at a low price, it dropped a significant number of frames when capturing at 4k60. This makes it unsuitable for professional use, but it might suffice for non-critical applications where frame drops are less concerning.
  • CZUR Touchboard Pro Keyboard: Despite its promising design, it fell short in build quality and usability. The keyboard’s plastic feel and imprecise trackpad made it less appealing compared to other portable keyboards.
  • Minix Wireless HDMI Video Dongles: These dongles can transmit 1080p HDMI video wirelessly, making them handy for presentations or extending displays without cables. There was some noticeable latency, but they worked well for non-gaming applications.
  • Minix GaN 67 Watt Power Strip: Featuring multiple USB-C ports and AC outlets, this compact charger can handle multiple devices simultaneously, making it a decent travel companion. I compared it to another favorite charger of mine from Oraimo, which offers more power and has become my go-to for travel. Unfortunately the Oraimo one is not currently available.
  • Suideck 10-Device USB Charger: This is ideal for environments like schools or YouTube production lairs where many devices need charging or topping off. While not the fastest charger, its ability to handle multiple devices overnight makes it practical for many use cases.
  • Carplay / Android Audio Portable Vehicle Display: For those needing CarPlay or Android Auto in their vehicles, this compact display was easy to transport and set up, offering a functional solution for rental cars or older vehicles without built-in support for these features.
  • RGB Mousepad with Built-in Qi Charger: While it added a cool aesthetic with its lighting options, the uneven application of the Qi charging area detracted from its overall quality.
  • Two Apple Chargers : There are lots of low cost Apple magsafe chargers on Amazon. I found two that cover the Apple trifecta, charging a magsafe equipped iPhone, watch, and Airpods wirelessly. One is great for nightstands while the other folds up neatly for travel.

Overall, this haul had a mix of hits and misses. While not all the products met expectations some were pretty useful. I’ll be back with another one of these soon!

Using the Wyze Battery Cam Pro with a Solar Panel

A few weeks ago, I reviewed the Wyze Battery Cam Pro, a notification camera that runs on a replaceable lithium-ion battery. One item I covered in the review was the camera’s USB-C port that can be used for plugging in external power sources including solar panels.

In my latest video, we take a look and see if Wyze’s solar panel can provide enough juice to allow the camera to continually record 24/7 and keep its battery topped off during the daylight hours.

The Wyze solar panel is reasonably priced and is rated at 2.5 watts when it gets full sunlight. The panel comes with a long USB Type-C cable, allowing you to plug other devices into it, although they won’t charge quickly at only 2.5 watts.

A common mistake is placing these panels in areas with shade, which reduces their generation capacity. In my testing I placed it on top of my wife’s garden that gets full sunlight throughout the morning and afternoon.

Since I started using the panel about a month ago, I’ve noticed that the battery stays at 100% all the time when not continuously recording, even with many events triggering the camera throughout the day. This is because the camera doesn’t consume much power, and its built in battery provides enough energy to get through the night. With the solar panel attached, you shouldn’t have to swap out the battery, even though it’s super simple to do so.

But continuous recording is another story. Starting out at around noon on a beautifully sunny day, I was able to continuously record for almost exactly 24 hours – far exceeding the 10 hours Wyze says the battery can handle when continuously recording without the solar panel. I think I would have seen more longevity had the following morning been as sunny as the previous afternoon, but unfortunately it was a dark and rainy day that was not good for solar generation.

In the end, while the Wyze solar panel does a good job of keeping the battery charged, it falls short of enabling continuous recording on the Battery Cam Pro. On Amazon there are a number of low cost 10 watt panels with USB-C outputs that can charge the battery more quickly during the day and perhaps capture more solar radiation on cloudy days to allow for longer recording. We will find out!

Disclosure: Wyze provided the camera and solar panel to the channel free of charge. They did not review or approve this post before it was uploaded and all opinions are my own.

EmuDeck Comes to Windows – One Click Install of Retro Game Emulators

I’ve been using a Steam Deck for over a year and a half. While I bought it for taking PC games on the road, I find myself using it now primarily for emulating older games. A standout tool for this purpose is EmuDeck, which simplifies the installation of major emulators on SteamOS.

EmuDeck is now available on Windows which is the subject of my latest video.

Like the Steam Deck version it offers a one click install and simple maintenance of just about every popular game emulator out there. It also automatically maps controls across all of the major emulators requiring practically zero configuration of settings to get going. Because it relies on Steam for the controller mapping you’ll need to make sure you have Steam installed on your system first.

For this video, I used a low-cost Intel N100-based mini PC from GMKtec I reviewed recently. The installation begins with downloading a simple command line script from EmuDeck’s website. Because this process involves running a batch file that installs necessary software, users should be cautious about installing it on mission-critical systems due to the level of control it is granted.

Once EmuDeck is set up, users must manually copy ROMs and BIOS files into designated folders that the script sets up. EmuDeck simplifies this by providing a BIOS checker tool that verifies the necessary files are correctly named and placed. After setting up the games and BIOS files, launching them is straightforward through interfaces like EmulationStation or Pegasus, which EmuDeck will install and integrate with Steam.

Testing different emulators, such as those for Sega CD and PlayStation 2, demonstrated EmuDeck’s capability to handle various systems effectively. Performance adjustments, like changing resolution settings, can be done through the EmuDeck interface on a per-console basis. In the video you’ll see me doing a single click resolution adjustment to optimize PS2 performance on the N100 Mini PC.

EmuDeck will also managing version updates for the installed emulators and also offers custom configurations for a variety of Windows handhelds to optimize visuals and perofrmance. While some advanced features like save game syncing require a Patreon subscription, the free version offers most of the functionality of their platform.

EmuDeck on Windows provides a powerful and user-friendly platform for retro gaming, bringing the convenience and capabilities previously enjoyed on the Steam Deck to a wider range of devices.

A number of viewers wrote in to tell me about Retrobat, which offers a similar experience and adds the ability to make the entire installation “portable” so it can be brought to multiple PCs via an external hard drive. I’ll take a look at that one next!

Plex Server on the Cheap! Intel N100 Mini PCs are a great choice.

In my latest sponsored Plex video, we look at using a very inexpensive Intel N100 based GMKtek G3 Mini PC as a Plex server. Despite being a budget device, its performance, particularly with hardware transcoding, is impressive.

You can see my initial review of this particular PC here.

I began by installing the Windows version of Plex Media Server on the mini PC since it comes pre-installed with Windows and the Windows installation process is the simplest.

The Intel N100 processor, part of Intel’s Alder Lake series, features QuickSync technology, which enables hardware accelerated video decoding and encoding. This is important for users who plan to stream content outside their home network. QuickSync compresses videos into lower bitrate files on the fly, facilitating smoother playback over varying network conditions. Additionally, the chip’s capability to handle multiple video formats makes it a versatile choice for media servers.

Hardware transcoding requires a Plex Pass (compensated affiliate link). You can learn more about hardware transcoding in this video. If you are just direct playing the files from your Plex server inside the home the hardware transcoding (and Plex Pass) aren’t necessary. You’ll be able to spin things up for free.

In my real-world testing, I demonstrated the mini PC’s ability to handle multiple simultaneous hardware transcodes efficiently. For instance, a 4K VP9 encoded video from Netflix and a Blu-ray MKV file were both transcoded without significant CPU load, maintaining around 20-25% usage. Even with five concurrent transcodes, including various formats like VP9, H.264 and a 10-bit HEVC, the CPU usage only reached about 35%.

However, the mini PC encounters limitations with 4K HDR Blu-ray MKVs when playing back on non-SDR displays. Windows does not support hardware-based HDR tone mapping, forcing the CPU to handle this task, resulting in poor playback performance. Hardware tone mapping does work on Quicksync equipped processors on Linux operating systems, however. I explored this in another video using the same N100 hardware. It works great!

Despite these limitations, an Intel Alder LAke N100 mini PC is an excellent choice for most Plex users looking for a budget solution with low power consumption.

Disclosure: This video was sponsored by Plex however they did not review or approve the video before it was uploaded.

The Asus CM30 Chromebook Tablet Packs a Ton of Value – Full Review

The Asus CM30 Chromebook offers a budget-friendly option for those looking for a versatile device without breaking the bank. Priced at $300 (compensated affiliate link), it includes a keyboard, tablet, and a pen, making it a cost-effective alternative to entry-level iPads which don’t come with these accessories. You can see it in action in my latest review.

The CM30 runs on Chrome OS, supporting not only the Chrome browser but also Linux applications and Android apps via the Google Play Store. The tablet mode feels quite Android-like thanks to the touch display. The device I reviewed features a Mediatek Kompanio 520 ARM processor, providing solid battery life. It has 4GB of RAM, with an 8GB version available at the affiliate link above, and comes with either 64GB or 128GB of eMMC storage.

The display is a 10.5-inch WUXGA screen with a resolution of 1920×1200, offering good brightness at 400 nits and a decent color balance. The display has large bezels which might appear dated but are a reasonable compromise given the device’s price.

The keyboard, while not full-sized and lacking backlighting, provides satisfactory travel and tactile feedback, though those with larger hands might find it challenging. The design clearly takes inspiration from the Microsoft Surface tablet design and suffers from some of the same issues the Surface does when using the device on a lap.

The magnetic attachment for the keyboard works well, though it could benefit from a more secure attachment to prevent slipping when folded up. It weights just under 2 pounds as a tablet and 2.5 pounds with the keyboard attached.

Port options are minimal, with only a headphone/microphone jack and a full-service USB Type-C port, which doubles as the charging port and supports data transfer and video output up to 1080p. The stereo speakers are adequate for casual use, though not impressive for music. Battery life is a strong point, offering 10 to 12 hours of use under moderate conditions.

In terms of performance, the CM30 handles web browsing and video playback reasonably well, although it struggles with 60fps video and more demanding tasks. It scored 51.2 on the Browserbench Speedometer test, aligning with expectations for its price range.

The included pen, which charges in its garage on the device, performs adequately for note-taking and simple drawings, though it lacks the premium feel of higher-end styluses. Chrome OS’s integration of the pen for handwriting recognition and other functions has improved quite a bit over the years and feels nicely integrated into the experience.

For gaming, the ARM processor proves compatible with most Android games, and game streaming services work well thanks to the device’s Wi-Fi 6 support. However, the graphics performance, reflected in a 3DMark Wildlife benchmark score of 727, indicates that it might not handle more graphically intensive games as smoothly as other devices. But most casual games will run fine.

Linux compatibility adds another layer of functionality, allowing for the installation of command-line and graphical applications. I tested Libreoffice and while it felt a little sluggish initially performance was adequate to get work done.

Overall, the Asus CM30 Chromebook stands out for its value, offering a range of features that make it suitable for various tasks without a hefty price tag. With its pen and keyboard, the CM30 still costs less than a bare entry-level iPad with the bonus of getting a more versatile general computing device.

A Gadget Haul from the new Flip Social Shopping Platform

I’ve been exploring a new shopping platform called Flip (compensated affiliate link), which blends social media dynamics with e-commerce. At first glance, Flip resembles TikTok, but it operates within its own app, emphasizing video reviews and social interaction. The platform rewards video reviews of products with discounts, monetization and free products. You can see how it works and some of the stuff I’ve acquired so far in my latest review.

In full disclosure, Flip approached me, providing about $150 in seed money to explore their platform along with a small bonus for posting some video reviews. I later purchased $150 worth of items with my own funds to see how the free product offer works. More on that below.

Originally targeting the health and beauty sector, Flip has now expanded into gadgets. Users purchase items, review them, and earn monetization for their video reviews. This revenue stream lasts for 30 days, during which viewers’ engagement generates income. Additionally, users receive sales commissions for purchases made through their review videos.

After the initial purchase and review, users can obtain free items on subsequent orders, provided they continue reviewing products. This generous policy may not be sustainable long-term, but it currently offers significant benefits to consumers.

Flip’s interface presents reviews from other customers prominently. Each view increments a discount amount that can be applied to future purchases, potentially reaching up to 30% off. While Flip’s prices can sometimes exceed those on Amazon, the accumulated discounts will often keep Flip competitive. However, it’s essential to remain an educated consumer and ensure the discounted prices are genuinely a better deal.

Navigating Flip involves both browsing and searching, though the inventory is less extensive than other retailers. Categories and brand filters aid in locating specific items, but the platform’s design leans heavily toward browsing. When selecting items, users can see who else has purchased them and even message those users for insights.

A potential privacy concern arises from the open nature of the platform as users’ purchases are visible to others. While profiles can be made private, this limits the platform’s social benefits.

Upon adding items to the cart, users can select from a range of free products based on their spending if eligible. In my experience with a $150 order I received a Logitech HOTAS game controller valued at around $250. I also managed to pick up a $90 Mophie magsafe phone charger.

My third item, an HP monitor with a built in webcam, was out of stock. Flip canceled that free order and did not give me an option to select an alternative through the app. I have contacted customer service and they are working on manually sending me the additional item I was entitled to. Your mileage will vary.

To hit the $150 I purchased a “Big Sur” Polaroid instant camera and a ProtoArc Hub Mouse. The Polaroid camera, a collaboration between The Parks Project and Retrospekt, is a refurbished vintage Polaroid 600 Instant Camera. Flip didn’t sell the film so I had to pick up a pack on Amazon. But this is an actual vintage 80’s era Polaroid camera that was refurbished into a product that feels brand new.

The ProtoArc Hub Mouse looks like a standard desktop mouse but it has a little USB-C hub tucked in its rear end. The hub sports an HDMI output, a USB-A port, and a USB-C power passthrough.

From my initial subsidized order, I received a solar power bank, a Movo smartphone cage and a boom mic enclosure. You can see them all in the video linked above.

Flip’s social shopping extends to the Desire Wishlist feature, allowing users to gift items to each other. They have some fun games as part of this where users can guess who sent them the item or be completely anonymous in handing out their gifts.

It remains to be seen if Flip’s business model is sustainable in the tech space. Many other platforms have found that beauty and household products do better than tech which is more expensive and less prone to browsing. But in the meantime you may as well take advantage of the freebies while they last!

Cable TV Strikes Back with New Streaming Bundles

It seems like what’s old is new again, as cable TV companies are now selling bundles of streaming services in an attempt to retain subscribers. Will it work? It might, and in fact, it could be a significant money-maker for these companies. I dive into the details in my latest video.

Comcast recently announced a bundle that includes Peacock (which they own), Netflix, and Apple TV Plus at a “vastly reduced price.” The catch of course is that it requires customers to have an Xfinity Internet subscription first. The goal is to add value for their customers while simultaneously taking a bite out of other streaming companies’ profits.

This move by Comcast is intriguing for a couple of reasons. First, it’s another bundle they can offer to try and keep customers from leaving. Second, it highlights the stark difference between the cable TV business and the streaming business.

Cable TV plans often come with hefty price tags, in my area ranging from $24 to $90 per month, plus usually another $30-40 in local broadcast and rental fees. These plans include the infrastructure to deliver TV to your home and fees that Comcast has to pay back to the networks for each subscriber. This model puts cable companies at the mercy of big cable networks, who demand fees and prominent channel placement.

On the other hand, the internet side of their business is primarily infrastructure-based. Comcast doesn’t have to pay anyone for the bandwidth you use to access the internet. This means most, if not all, of the money you pay for internet service goes back to Comcast, making it a significant profit driver. As people cut the cord on cable TV but keep their internet, Comcast actually benefits because they make more money per internet subscriber than per TV subscriber.

To make things even sweeter for Comcast, they not only avoid paying for content but also get paid by streaming providers. Streaming services like Netflix have to pay Comcast to place their servers within Comcast’s network to ensure smooth streaming performance for Comcast customers. This arrangement, while seemingly at odds with net neutrality principles, is perfectly legal and remains opaque to consumers.

Comcast is a master of bundling, offering various services like Xfinity Mobile, cellular phone service, and discounts for bundling multiple products. This strategy makes it difficult for customers to leave because buying these services separately would be more expensive.

Smaller ISPs are also getting in on the bundling action, partnering with streaming services to offer convenient packages. Streaming providers like Roku are offering discounts on lower-tier streaming services to lock you into their ecosystem. Even competing services like Disney and Warner Bros. are bundling their streaming platforms together.

The financial struggles of streaming services are a driving force behind this bundling trend. Disney Plus, for example, lost subscribers after raising prices, and Paramount is facing internal turmoil. These companies are realizing that consumers demand high-quality original content and are quick to unsubscribe if they don’t find it.

Shareholders are pressuring streaming companies to reduce churn rates (the rate at which customers cancel subscriptions) and become more like Netflix, which boasts a low churn rate despite price increases and restrictions.

So, who stands to win in this bundling war? ISPs like Comcast are likely to benefit as they retain customers and make it harder for them to switch providers. Streaming providers also win by reducing churn rates, even if it means slightly lower subscription revenue.

The future looks to be shaping into a a familiar landscape where consumers are disincentivized or completely unable to go a la carte with their streaming services. It will become less convenient and more expensive to subscribe and unsubscribe to individual services as many consumers do now.

Consumers are in the driver’s seat but will these bundling discounts be enough to buy back some of that freedom? We shall see.

Google Pixel 8a Smartphone Review

I recently had the opportunity to review the Google Pixel 8a smartphone, a device that promises to deliver flagship-level performance at a more affordable price point. Every year, I try to examine one of these mid-range phones to see how they measure up, and this year, Google has produced a phone that feels remarkably similar to its higher-end counterparts. You can see my full review here.

The Pixel 8a is priced at $499 for the 128GB model and $559 for the 256GB version. It features the Google Tensor G3 processor, 8GB of RAM, and a 6.1-inch OLED display with a 120Hz refresh rate. The display supports HDR and can reach a maximum brightness of 2,000 nits, making it bright and clear in various lighting conditions. The phone is equipped with a fingerprint sensor under the display and facial recognition for secure access.

These specifications line up almost identically to the more expensive Pixel 8 that came out last year. They did not dial back the performance of the processor vs. their more expensive models.

The only area where Google has made some compromises with the 8a is in the build build quality. Unlike the Pixel 8 and 8 Pro, which feature glass backs, the Pixel 8a has a plastic back. However, it still supports wireless charging, albeit at a slower rate than its more expensive siblings. The front of the phone is protected by Gorilla Glass 3, and it has an aluminum band around the edges, giving it a sturdy feel despite its lower price.

The phone is weatherproof with an IP67 rating, meaning it can handle dust and brief immersions in water. The battery life is comparable to other smartphones in this price range, and in my testing, it lasted a full day even in areas with poor cell coverage.

In terms of connectivity, the Pixel 8a includes a USB-C port for charging and data transfer, but it lacks a headphone jack and SD card slot. Users will need to rely on Bluetooth or USB-C headphones for audio and Google’s cloud storage for additional space.

The camera system on the Pixel 8a is impressive. It has a 64-megapixel main camera with a 26mm wide-angle lens and a 13-megapixel ultra-wide lens. The main camera performs well in various lighting conditions, providing detailed and vibrant images. The ultra-wide lens is useful for capturing more of a scene, although it struggles in low light due to its smaller aperture.

Video capabilities are strong, with the main camera supporting 4K recording at 60 frames per second. The ultra-wide lens can only manage 30 frames per second at 4K, but overall, the video quality is good, with effective stabilization for smooth footage.

One of the standout features of the Pixel 8a is its AI-driven photo editing tools. Users can use the “best take” feature to combine the best facial expressions from multiple shots into one image. There’s also an AI-powered eraser tool that can remove unwanted objects from photos and fill in the background seamlessly, though the results can sometimes be less than perfect.

In gaming, the Pixel 8a performs well, handling games like Roblox and emulators like the Dolphin Gamecube emulator without issues. Benchmarks show that its performance is on par with the more expensive Pixel 8 Pro, making it a capable device for both casual and more demanding users. Just note that Google’s Tensor 3 chip lags behind the processors found in Apple’s phones—all of the Pixel 8 phones perform about the same as the iPhone 12, which came out in 2020.

Google promises seven years of software support for the Pixel 8a until 2031. The support expiration clock starts ticking in 2024, so users purchasing the phone a few years from now will have the same expiration date.

Overall, the Google Pixel 8a offers a compelling package for those looking for a high-performance smartphone without breaking the bank. Its combination of a high-refresh-rate display, strong camera system, and robust performance makes it a standout in the mid-range market. While it may not have the premium build quality of more expensive phones, it delivers excellent value and is a great option for budget-conscious consumers.

Disclosure: Google provided the phone to the channel free of charge. No other compensation was received nor did they did not review or approve this review before it was uploaded.

GMKTec Nucbox K9 Mini PC Review

I’ve been reviewing a lot of mini PCs lately, and I’ve got another one in from GMKtec that stands out due to its Intel Core Ultra 5. You can see what it’s all about in my latest review.

The price point on this will vary quite a bit. In most cases you’ll see a coupon code on Amazon that will dramatically reduce its price so be sure to click that before checking out.

The GMKtec Nucbox K9 features an Intel Core Ultra 125H running at a 65-watt TDP. It comes with 32 GB of DDR5 5600 MHz RAM, which is upgradeable to 64 GB, and two NVMe SSD slots. The unit includes a 1 TB NVMe SSD from Mason Semi, and you can add or swap out SSDs as needed.

In terms of ports, the Nucbox K9 is well-equipped. There’s an audio input/output, a full-service USB 4.0 port running at 40 Gbps, capable of video output and powering the computer up to 100 watts. However, the included 120-watt power supply is recommended for regular use. I tested the USB 4 port with a Thunderbolt SSD, confirming it delivers the full bandwidth. There are also two USB 3 ports on the front, two USB-A ports, a DisplayPort out, an HDMI out for three simultaneous 4K displays, and two 2.5 Gbps Ethernet ports, both performing at full bandwidth. The Ethernet chipset is from Realtek.

The Nucbox K9 runs Windows 11 Pro, though the onboarding process uses a local account instead of connecting to a Microsoft account. However, a scan for malware and viruses came up clean. Web performance is excellent, and it handles 4K 60 FPS video on YouTube without drop frames.

For video editing, I tested DaVinci Resolve with a 4K 60 FPS project. It handled transitions effortlessly without needing an external GPU, suitable for simple editing tasks.

Gaming performance is also notable. Running No Man’s Sky at 1080p on standard settings achieved just under 60 FPS. Red Dead Redemption 2 at 1080p on the lowest settings performed well, between 40 and 50 FPS. Grand Theft Auto 5 at 1080p on high settings stayed mostly above 60 FPS.

Linux performance was decent, with most hardware detected except for audio. Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and video worked well.

Overall, the GMKtec Nucbox K9 offers a lot of hardware for its price, including ample RAM, storage, and a high-performing processor. It’s a good option if you’re comfortable with potential support issues from an overseas company. Despite the higher cost compared to previous models, it delivers impressive performance and is a solid choice for those willing to take a slight risk on long-term support.

Disclosure: GMKTech provided the Mini PC free of charge. No other compensation was received nor did they did not review or approve this review before it was uploaded.