Month: March 2026

Did Microsoft Admit Windows 11 is Too Bloated?

Microsoft is beginning to acknowledge the growing concerns regarding bloatware and performance issues within Windows 11. Windows head Pavan Davaluri recently published a blog post committing to a new standard of Windows quality. In my latest analysis piece, I dive into what Microsoft thinks the problem is and I offer some of my own experiences.

Check it out here!

While Davaluri’s official roadmap highlights specific improvements like increased taskbar customization and a more dependable File Explorer, many of the everyday frustrations experienced by power users and system reviewers remain unaddressed.

The current onboarding process for a new Windows 11 PC takes over an hour, largely due to a gauntlet of updates and forced configuration screens. Even after the initial setup, users frequently encounter a secondary wave of background updates that can lead to audible fan noise and noticeable performance degradation on a brand-new machine.

Beyond the updates, the operating system’s interface is increasingly defined by a series of prompts designed to funnel users into subscription services and cloud storage. These “upsell” screens often prioritize the “Next” or “Accept” buttons, while the options to decline or keep files stored locally are presented in smaller, less prominent text.

OneDrive integration remains a primary point of friction. Even when a user expresses a preference to store files only on their local device, the system defaults to cloud syncing and backup, requiring a manual and repetitive process to disable individual folders. This persistent nudging extends to the Start menu and taskbar, which are frequently populated with icons for features like Copilot, Recall, and the Edge browser immediately following an update. The Start menu itself has become more cluttered, making it increasingly difficult to find what you’re looking for amidst a sea of promotional icons and unhelpful recommendations.

Even basic utility applications are not immune to this expansion of features. Notepad, a tool that remained virtually unchanged for decades, now includes tabbed windows, cloud synchronization requirements tied to a Microsoft account, and integrated co-pilot AI writing assistance. These additions, while intended to modernize the app, introduce new complexities and annoyances for something that doesn’t need any features. Similarly, background processes like the Xbox overlay continue to run by default, regardless of whether the user intends to use the computer for gaming.

While Microsoft’s new commitment to quality is a positive step, the current state of the operating system has led some to rely on third-party debloating utilities to reclaim system performance. There is also a growing awareness of the increasing user-friendliness of Linux distributions, which may be placing additional pressure on Microsoft to streamline its experience. As the company moves forward with its debloating efforts, the true measure of success will be whether it can reduce the constant stream of distractions and return to a more focused, efficient production environment.

I’m curious to see if these promised updates will actually thin out the layers of advertisements and background services, or if the primary goal remains centered on revenue extraction through service nudges.

Gadget Tech Haul #14 – A Mixed Bag

In my latest gadget haul, I am looking at five items that vary significantly in utility and performance. But there are a few good ones in the mix that you can find here on Amazon (compensated affiliate link).

Check the haul out here!

I began with a four-way HDMI multiviewer from Orai (compensated affiliate link) a brand known for various video routing connectors. This device allows for four HDMI sources to be connected and displayed on a single screen simultaneously. The front panel features buttons for switching between sources and modes, including a four-way split that is particularly useful for monitoring multiple broadcasts at once. It supports 1080p at 60Hz and is HDCP compliant, meaning it can handle protected content from streaming services like Netflix. While some of the other display modes distort the aspect ratio of the video, the multiviewer functions reliably as an affordable solution for 4-up multi-source monitoring.

The monitor I used to test this device is a 24 inch 240Hz IPS display from Dell at a crazy low price (compensated affiliate link). For a budget-friendly screen, it performs well with a 0.5ms response time in its extreme mode and support for AMD FreeSync. In testing with both modern PC benchmarks and older gaming hardware, I found very little motion blur or screen tearing. The color accuracy is rated at 99% sRGB, which is respectable for this price point. The primary compromise is the peak brightness, which reaches only about 300 nits, and the included stand, which lacks height adjustment and only offers tilt. However, it does feature a VESA mount for those who prefer a more flexible setup.

Transitioning to mobile accessories, I tested the abxylute M4 Snap-On Mobile Gaming Controller controller (compensated affiliate link), which proved to be a disappointment. Although it uses MagSafe to attach to a phone, the design is top-heavy and the controls are physically cramped. The D-pad and buttons lack a premium feel, and the analog sticks do not include a click function. It also only works with the phone in landscape mode unless the controller is physically detached.

Another item that fell short of expectations was a SanDisk USB-C phone drive (compensated affiliate link). While SanDisk has a long history of reliable storage, this specific drive struggled with write speeds. Although it approached its advertised read speeds at around 140 megabytes per second, the write speeds hovered at 35 megabytes per second. During large file transfers, the drive appeared to write in chunks, often pausing as the cache caught up. It functions adequately for small file transfers or phone backups via the SanDisk app, but it is not a recommended choice for high-volume data tasks.

The final item is the EufyCam S4 (compensated affiliate link), a dual-lens security camera that includes a wide-angle 4K lens and a 2K pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera. A notable aspect of the Eufy system is that it does not require a subscription for AI detection features, such as recognizing humans, vehicles, or pets. The camera effectively tracked movement during my testing, including prioritizing the action when a car was pulling in and I was walking my dog. It comes with a 5.5-watt solar panel and a removable battery, which remained at full charge during a week of outdoor use. The solar panel can be detached for better sun placement, with Eufy providing a weather proof USB-C extension cord for that purpose. While it supports RTSP for integration with personal NAS and NVR devices, using this feature significantly increases power consumption, likely requiring a dedicated USB power source rather than relying solely on the solar panel and battery.

I will continue to keep an eye out for hardware that fulfills its promises as I prepare for the next round of testing.

Beelink ME Pro NAS Review

Beelink recently sent me their ME Pro device, a personal server that essentially functions as a mini PC with expanded storage capabilities. It looks pretty cool too.

Check it out in my latest video review!

The unit I evaluated is the entry-level model featuring an Intel N95 processor. An alternative version with an Intel N150 processor is also available, offering slight improvements in power efficiency and an increase in soldered RAM from 12 gigabytes to 16 gigabytes. Both models operate with a 25-watt thermal design power and are fully capable of managing standard personal server tasks. You can find them on Amazon here (compensated affiliate link).

The internal layout allows for measurable storage expansion. The bottom of the device accommodates up to three NVMe drives, supporting a total of 12 terabytes of solid-state storage. A separate rear panel provides access to bays for two 3.5-inch desktop hard drives. This storage setup is not designed for hot-swapping; all drives and panels must be secured with screws. Beelink includes an Allen wrench for this purpose, though I found its small size makes it somewhat difficult to use effectively. The device is designed for internal maintenance access, allowing the entire motherboard to be removed for cleaning by loosening four screws.

For networking and peripheral connectivity, the ME Pro includes a 10-gigabit-per-second USB-A port on the front and a similarly rated USB-C port on the rear, alongside an HDMI output. The device supports dual 4K display output at 60 frames per second.

Network connections are handled by a 5-gigabit-per-second Ethernet port using a Realtek controller and a secondary 2.5-gigabit port utilizing an Intel controller. When I tested the 5-gigabit connection, it yielded disk writes between 400 and 500 megabytes per second to the solid-state drives, which aligns with expected network overhead limits.

Operating as a media server via Unraid, the hardware demonstrated clear capability with common server loads. When running Plex, the N95 processor managed hardware transcoding of a 4K HDR video file to 720p with low CPU and bandwidth utilization. It also successfully handled HEVC codec transcoding. During these tasks, with two mechanical desktop drives spinning, power consumption measured approximately 33 watts, peaking near 70 watts under maximum load.

Thermal performance remained stable, with the NVMe drives showing only a minor six to seven-degree Celsius temperature increase under sustained load. Both the fans and the drives operate at a low volume. It’s a very quiet device even with running spinning drives.

There are a few hardware design choices that warrant observation. The system relies on a 100-watt wall-wart power supply, which is susceptible to accidental disconnection from standard outlets. Additionally, while the unit was shipped with a version of Windows, the necessary drivers were not pre-installed, preventing the operating system from functioning correctly out of the box. This positions the device more as a platform for user-supplied NAS operating systems, such as Unraid or Linux distributions, rather than a turnkey Windows machine.

Furthermore, for a device categorized as a “Pro” model utilizing an OS like Unraid—where one drive is typically dedicated to parity—expanding the SATA drive capacity from two bays to four would provide a more practical parity-to-storage ratio. The current configuration requires careful planning for anyone looking to maximize their redundant storage capacity on this compact platform.

Disclosure: The ME Pro NAS was provided free of charge. However, they did not review or approve this content prior to publication.

ATSC 3.0 Update: More DRM Nonsense Filed with the FCC

The broadcast industry’s ongoing effort to encrypt the public airwaves is currently awaiting a decision from the Federal Communications Commission. In a recent ex-parte letter to the FCC, broadcasters cited the US Trade Representative’s 2025 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy report to support their push for the ATSC 3.0 encryption standard. The report focuses heavily on live sports and the revenue lost to global piracy – but none of it indicates broadcast TV signals are being stolen.

See more in my latest ATSC 3.0 update video!

The report’s introduction references the NFL’s broadcasting agreements with networks like CBS, Fox, and NBC, which run through 2033. These contracts were signed without any provisions or assurances requiring future signal encryption, suggesting the league does not view over-the-air broadcasting as a primary piracy vulnerability.

The report provides three specific instances of piracy, including the FIFA World Cup, a mention of European soccer games being pirated and the 2017 Mayweather-McGregor fight. While the FIFA World Cup game was broadcast on television stations here in the USA, it is likely that it was pirated off of encrypted sources along with the other European soccer matches. And the Mayweather-McGregor fight was an encrypted Pay Per View event.

The government’s report cites data from Irdeto, a European company specializing in signal encryption for satellite and streaming providers. A review of their technical literature shows that modern piracy relies on methods like stealing session tokens, purchasing compromised account credentials on the dark web, or utilizing a technique known as CDN leeching.

These methods bypass the physical complexities of installing antennas to intercept local signals, demonstrating that for pirates encrypted content is easy to pirate than the unencrypted broadcast signals.

Furthermore, Irdeto’s guidance emphasizes the necessity of multi-DRM systems to ensure a frictionless viewing experience across different platforms. Currently, ATSC 3.0 DRM only supports Widevine, a Google technology. This single-DRM approach limits compatibility, leaving devices like Apple TV, Roku, Xbox, and standard computers unable to decode the encrypted broadcasts.

The push for encryption appears closely tied to the economics of broadcast retransmission fees. In Connecticut, for example, cable subscribers currently pay around $48.30 a month strictly for local channel access. Encrypting the over-the-air signals forces consumers to either maintain these cable subscriptions or purchase new, proprietary decoding hardware. Ahead of the upcoming NAB show, industry executives have discussed a proposed $60 tuner box. However, this device is expected to function solely as a tuner without DVR or gateway capabilities and cost three times as much as current tuning devices that do include DVR functions.

Broadcasters also point to the A3SA encoding rules, which currently permit time-shifting and recording. But these allowances apply only to content that is actively simulcast with the older ATSC 1.0 standard. Once the simulcast requirement expires, broadcasters provide are not committing to restricting or disabling recording capabilities entirely, shifting control of public airwave usage to a private entity.

The FCC is presently collecting public feedback on a separate but related sports broadcasting docket (26-45), which examines the impact of broadcasting practices on consumers and local market obligations. The comment period for this specific docket remains open for roughly another week, offering another venue for the public to submit their observations regarding how signal encryption may affect access to local sports broadcasts.

MiSTer Multisystem 2 Review: A “Consolized” Retro FPGA Device

The MiSTer project has evolved from a complex DIY endeavor into a professional-grade cottage industry, and the MiSTer MultiSystem 2 represents the latest shift toward consolized, single-board hardware.

Check it out in my latest MiSTer Review!

Developed in the UK through a collaboration between RMC’s Neil and electronics manufacturer Heber Limited, this device consolidates the traditional stack of MiSTer FPGA boards into a single unified motherboard. The 3D-printed enclosure, which carries a design aesthetic reminiscent of late 80s electronics, houses a system that remains 100% compatible with the broader open-source ecosystem while offering expanded connectivity and thermal stability.

Operating on the same DE10 Nano framework as other MiSTer devices, the system uses FPGA technology to replicate the logic paths of vintage hardware at the chip level rather than through software emulation. This approach allows for high accuracy across a range of platforms, early arcade systems and 8-bit computers like the Commodore 64 to more demanding cores like the Sega Saturn and Nintendo 64.

My testing indicates the hardware is thermally balanced, maintaining stability even during intensive tasks such as running the Street Fighter Alpha 3 arcade core and in running RAM tests at speeds of 150 MHz on its 128 MB module.

One of the defining characteristics of the Multisystem 2 is its emphasis on user-accessible expansion. A unique cartridge slot on the top of the unit supports different modules, such as SNAC adapters for zero-lag original controller input, composite video output for older televisions, and even MIDI projects like adding a Raspberry Pi powered Roland MT32 synthesizer for DOS games.

The motherboard features various headers, GPIO pins, and internal space for an NVME drive, allowing for significant storage and hardware modifications without external clutter.

Connectivity is notably robust, with four front-facing USB ports, dual rear USB ports, Ethernet, and diverse video output options. While modern displays connect via HDMI, the analog version of the Multisystem is designed with a strong focus on CRT users. It includes a SCART-compatible video output and a VGA connector that supports RGB component cables. Because the hardware is integrated onto a single PCB, the analog video output exhibits reduced electrical noise compared to multi-board configurations, resulting in a cleaner image on traditional tube televisions.

The device lacks built-in Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, requiring USB adapters, and utilizes a full-size SD card for its primary OS and core storage. Power is delivered via a 5V barrel connector, though the system can draw up to 4 amps depending on the peripherals attached.

I paid about $386 for mine (including shipping and tariffs)—which is priced higher than entry-level alternatives like the QMTech we looked a few months ago. But the MultiSystem to is positioning itself as a comprehensive enthusiast platform. It bridges the gap between the technical flexibility of the original FPGA development boards and the convenience of a dedicated home console.

Check out my full playlist of MiSTer related videos here!

I Bought a Macbook Neo – Here’s My Review!

I recently purchased the entry-level MacBook Neo for $599 (compensated affiliate link) to evaluate its capabilities. Positioned as Apple’s low-end laptop alternative to the Mac Mini, it can also be found for $499 through the Apple Education Store for students and school staff.

Check it out in my latest review!

The model I tested features the Apple A18 Pro processor, the same chip utilized in last year’s iPhone 16. It includes 8 gigabytes of memory and 256 gigabytes of solid-state storage. While the base storage and memory are fixed, a $699 variant offers 512 gigabytes of storage and a fingerprint reader.

The physical construction consists of a metal chassis with rounded edges, weighing 2.7 pounds. The 13-inch display operates at a 2408 by 506 resolution with a brightness of 500 nits and a 60-hertz refresh rate. Text and images render clearly on the display and it looks very close to my MacBook Air in overall quality.

The device includes a 1080p webcam equipped with OS-level filters like background replacement, blurring, etc. But I noted an operational detail regarding this webcam: there is no physical indicator light to show when the camera is active, relying entirely on an on-screen software notification. While Apple’s MAc OS is quite secure, not having a hardware light for the webcam makes me a little nervous.

Apple made distinct choices regarding input and port options to meet this price point. The keyboard feels nice and may have a little more travel than the MacBook Air, but it lacks backlighting. The trackpad uses a physical click mechanism rather than the solid-state haptics found on more expensive models.

Connectivity is handled by a headphone jack and two USB-C ports. One of the USB-C ports is limited to USB 2.0 speeds, while the other supports 10 gigabits per second data transfer, video output, and charging. Neither port supports Thunderbolt. Stereo speakers are present, though the audio can distort slightly if hands are resting on the chassis.

In practical testing, the A18 processor handles routine computing efficiently. Navigating websites in the Brave browser is responsive, yielding a score of 44.7 on the Browserbench Speedometer benchmark – one of the highest I’ve tested. High-resolution media, including 4K video at 60 frames per second, plays back without dropped frames.

Like other Macs, the Neo comes with excellent native applications like iMovie for video editing, Garageband for music, and a very functional office suite with Pages, Numbers, and Keynote. All ran flawlessly and felt just as responsive as my more expensive Macs.

When utilizing Apple’s Pixelmator Pro (a Photoshop alternative), the system handled background removal tools and basic edits without noticeable lag. More demanding applications, such as Final Cut Pro, managed 4K 60fps video editing and real-time visual effects effectively, though the 8-gigabyte memory constraint means performance could decrease with larger, heavily layered project files.

Gaming and emulation present usable frame rates within reason. The native Apple silicon version of No Man’s Sky maintained frame rates in the high 50s at a 1408 by 881 resolution. The PCSX2 emulator ran PlayStation 2 titles at full speed without lag. I

The device scored 3,458 on the 3D Mark Wildlife Extreme benchmark which puts it well below the M4 and M5 processors found on the Macbook Air and Mac Mini. Due to its fanless design, a stress test revealed the Neo will be hit with a 13 percent performance reduction over extended periods of heavy load due to thermal and power level throttling. But battery life reached between 10 and 12 hours for basic computing work.

The MacBook Neo demonstrates that a mobile processor can capably drive a full desktop operating system. The Neo provides a highly functional point of entry into the macOS ecosystem. There’s no doubt that this will drive competing PC manufacturers to up their game at the lower end of the market!

Off Grid Comms with Meshcore!

I love playing with digital radio communications. The ability to send data over long distances without any infrastructure or service providers in the middle is such a liberating concept. I’ve done a lot with amateur radio on the channel over the last few years, but lately I’ve been playing with cheap low powered LoRA based devices that don’t require a license.

In my latest video, I take a look at Meshcore, a technology that allows volunteers to build out robust off-grid networks.

Meshcore is similar to Meshtastic, but in my opinion is better suited for long distance communications. My Meshtastic experience in Connecticut has frequently been limited by the lack of nearby users and unreliable message delivery. While I have successfully made contacts from airplanes, ground-level communication has remained a challenge.

The transition to Meshcore revealed a more active community and improved performance within my region. Unlike Meshtastic, which utilizes a managed flood network where every node acts as a repeater, Meshcore requires users to assign specific roles to their devices. A device can be configured as a companion, which serves as a personal radio interface for a phone, or as a dedicated repeater. By separating these roles, the network can route messages through established paths rather than retransmitting every signal from every device. This deterministic approach reduces network congestion and allows for longer-distance communication through strategically placed repeater stations.

During my testing, I successfully sent text packets to Enfield and Vernon, Connecticut—locations over 50 miles away that would take more than an hour to reach by car. These transmissions occurred without the use of the internet or requiring a radio license, as the devices operate on the license-free 900 MHz spectrum.

Setting up these devices is a relatively accessible process. Hardware like the Heltec V3 can be purchased super cheap, while fully assembled units like the ThinkNode M5 cost around $54 (compensated affiliate links). Most Meshtastic devices can be re-flashed with Meshcore firmware.

The Meshcore project website provides a web-based flasher to install the firmware, allowing users to choose between companion, repeater, or room server modes. The room server function is particularly notable, acting as a simplified bulletin board system that stores messages for users to read when they later connect their radios.

The current landscape of the network in Connecticut shows a growing infrastructure of repeater stations, with expansion moving toward neighboring states. While it’s strictly for text messaging—no voice or video—there is something really neat about building a communication network that runs entirely on solar power and off-grid hardware.

For those who have found Meshtastic quiet or unreliable, this alternative protocol offers a different architectural approach using the same hardware. I will be watching to see how the interconnection of these regional nodes continues to develop.

Werewolf VFLEX Review: Power Almost Anything over USB-C!

Every once and awhile I come across an incredibly useful gadget that becomes an essential part of my “nerd toolbox.” The latest device I’m throwing in there is the Werewolf VFLEX – a universal power adapter for just about anything that connects to a USB-C power supply.

Check it out in my latest video!

The base unit is priced at $8 and the adapter cables are $4 A starter kit containing three base units and multiple adapter cables retails for $48. They can be purchased directly from Werewolf’s website here (compensated affiliate link).

Users first need to attach the base unit to a computer or mobile device to program in the required voltage. Configuration is handled through an Android or iOS app, along with a browser-based interface on PCs.

To test the VFLEX, I powered a vintage Atari 2600 using a USB-C battery. The Atari requires 9 volts of direct current and a center-positive polarity. After dialing in the 9-volt requirement via the web interface, the VFLEX base unit stored the setting and successfully supplied the correct voltage, indicated by a green light on the device. The Atari fired up like it was connected to its 40+ year old power supply yet was powered by the battery.

If the unit fails to receive the requested voltage from the source, it displays a red light and cuts power to the connected device. It is necessary to correctly identify both the voltage and polarity before connecting any hardware, as the VFLEX cannot prevent electrical damage if configured improperly.

The capabilities of the USB-C power source dictate what the VFLEX can output. For instance, an Anker 30-watt adapter I examined supports Programmable Power Supply (PPS), a standard that permits granular voltage adjustments. With PPS, a user can specify voltages between 3.3 and 11 volts at 3 amps, or between 3.3 and 16 volts at 2 amps. In contrast, an older 100-watt Kensington power supply lacking PPS could only output fixed increments of 5, 9, 15, or 20 volts. The quality of the USB-C cables is also a variable; relying on established brands for both cables and power adapters minimizes risks associated with non-compliant USB standard implementations.

For a more complex load, I connected a Sega Tower of Power—comprising a Sega CD, a 32X, and a Genesis console—to a single Anker Prime 160 power adapter (compensated affiliate link) using three VFLEX units. The Sega CD requires a 9-volt supply, while the 32X and the second-generation Genesis require 10 volts. Because the Anker Prime adapter supports PPS, I was able to program two VFLEX units to output 10 volts and one to output 9 volts simultaneously. Monitoring the real-time power data from the Prime adapter showed the system drawing roughly 10-12 watts in operation, well within the Anker’s 160-watt capacity. Consolidating multiple enormous Sega “wall wart” into a single adapter proved functional, provided the operator strictly adheres to the voltage and polarity specifications of the hardware.

If you’re like me and have a bunch of stuff to power, the VFLEX can be a major convenience. While the starter kit supplies enough adapters for routine applications, the system requires the operator to accurately verify the voltage before connecting any hardware to avoid damaging the electronics. When configured correctly, the device bridges modern USB-C power delivery with both legacy and contemporary hardware.

Disclosure: Werewolf provided the VFLEX free of charge, however they did not review or approve this content prior to publication. All opinions are my own.

My Toyota Sienna Van is Now a Lemon Due to an Unaddressed Recall..

Back in December, I shared information regarding a recall affecting my 2025 Toyota Sienna. As of today, March 5 2026, the vehicle has been sitting at the dealership without a resolution. The van has been out of service for almost 90 days, having been at the dealer since December 12th. I’m about to take Toyota to Lemon Law Court here in Connecticut.

See more in my latest video!

The recall addresses an issue where the second-row seats rails have a risk of losing their structural integrity and pose a risk of injury due to defective welds. The manufacturer’s notice explicitly stated no one should sit in these seats until a remedy is performed. While the manufacturer instructed dealers to pull the vehicles from lots on October 7th, 2025, my notice did not arrive until 66 days later. To date, no remedy or timeline for a fix has been communicated.

This situation impacts approximately 50,000 Sienna vans. Faced with a vehicle that cannot be safely used as intended, I researched the lemon law in my home state of Connecticut.

Connecticut requires that a vehicle be a new vehicle under two years old, have less than 24,000 miles, and exhibit a condition that substantially impairs its use, safety, or value. Given that I purchased a seven-passenger van and two of the middle seats cannot be used, the impairment is clear. Furthermore, Connecticut law provides eligibility if a vehicle has been out of service for repair for a cumulative total of 30 days or more.

I have filed a lemon law complaint with the state, and it has been accepted for a hearing. At the hearing, I will make my arguments for either a replacement or a refund. For other owners dealing with this extended recall, researching state-specific lemon laws is a practical step. Resources like Justia provide a 50-state survey of lemon laws across the United States, detailing varying procedures.

While the process in Connecticut is designed so consumers can file without an attorney, legal counsel may be consulted if the hearing process is intimidating. Following my hearing, I will share my presentation and arguments so other owners have something they can use in their own hearings. Stay tuned!

California Law to Require Age Verification on All Operating Systems (Including Linux)

Recently, a new California law signed by Governor Gavin Newsom caught my attention due to its potential impact on the open-source community, specifically Linux users. The legislation mandates that operating systems for PCs and other general computing devices like tablets and phones must implement a form of age verification during the initial account setup process.

I take a look at the implications of this law in my latest video.

While California is not the only state pursuing such measures—Texas recently faced legal hurdles over a similar law—this development raises questions about how open-source organizations, rather than traditional corporate entities, will comply.

The text of the California bill, which was signed on October 13, 2025, and takes effect on January 1, 2027, calls for an interface that requires the account holder to provide their birth date or age. This information generates a signal regarding the user’s age bracket—categorized as under 13, 13 to 16, 16 to 18, or over 18—to be read and enforced by applications within a covered app store.

The legislation defines an operating system provider broadly enough to include independent developers creating Linux distributions. Furthermore, a covered application store is defined as a publicly available online service, which could encompass command-line package managers used daily by Linux administrators.

From a practical standpoint, the current requirement relies entirely on self-reporting. Users are asked to volunteer their age, meaning anyone could input inaccurate information to bypass restrictions. Despite this, the penalties for non-compliance are clearly defined. Operating system makers face civil penalties ranging from $2,500 for negligent violations to $7,500 for intentional violations per “affected child.” If a developer has internal data showing a user’s actual age differs from the self-reported signal, they are legally obligated to act on that information or face action from the California Attorney General.

The implications for Linux distributions are notable. Commercial entities with a business nexus in California, such as the organizations behind Ubuntu and Fedora, will likely implement the necessary prompts to comply.

However, smaller projects face a different reality. Many distributions are maintained by volunteer groups without the financial resources or organizational structures to shield them from liability. Midnight BSD has already modified its software license to exclude California residents, but this legal maneuver may not satisfy California regulators if the software remains accessible for download within the state’s borders.

This legislative push is not confined to the West Coast. My home state of Connecticut is currently evaluating controls for minors on the internet, and Colorado is exploring operating system-level age verification. Texas attempted to regulate app stores before a federal court blocked the law, citing First Amendment concerns regarding its broad application. The absence of a unified federal privacy law has resulted in a fragmented regulatory landscape across different regions.

Historically, some internet users have responded to localized regulations by migrating to decentralized platforms. When Discord faced scrutiny over its age verification methods that included video selfies and government IDs, users began exploring open-source alternatives like Revolt and Matrix. These self-hosted and federated platforms demonstrate how technical communities can circumvent centralized data collection and restrictive legal mandates.

As the 2027 deadline approaches, it is likely that many Linux distributions will simply integrate a birth date or age prompt into their installation screens to mitigate legal risks. The technical challenge of passing that age signal consistently to various package managers and standalone applications remains a logistical hurdle. The coming months will test how far state authorities are willing to go in enforcing these mandates on the broader open-source software ecosystem.

DOS Games in a Browser? DOS.ZONE Review

For my annual Christmas retro video, I explored the Exodos project, a method for downloading and playing a vast library of classic DOS games. While functional, it requires significant disk space, BitTorrent downloads and some complexity. It also lacks native compatibility with MacOS and Linux. Following a recommendation from my friend Adam of TechOdyssey, I recently tested an alternative approach called DOS.zone.

Check it out in my latest video!

DOS.zone is a web-based emulation platform designed to run legacy DOS and Windows 95 games directly within a browser. During my testing on an M2 MacBook Air using the Brave browser, games like Doom booted quickly and ran at standard speeds without requiring any software installation or command-line management. The platform currently hosts approximately 2,000 titles, which is a smaller library compared to the Exodos project, but it focuses on immediate accessibility.

The service operates primarily as a free service, downloading and executing the game files locally in the browser rather than streaming them from a server. The DOS games run in DosBox or DosBox-X which has been ported to Javascript (more on that later).

Game progress can be saved to the browser’s local storage, provided the user clicks the designated save icon before exiting. Because local browser data can be cleared or lost, DOS.zone offers an optional subscription for a few dollars a month that enables cloud synchronization for save files. The save files can be synced across devices too.

The emulation includes various adjustable settings to tailor the experience. Users can modify the DOSBox performance by toggling the auto-adjust feature and manually setting CPU cycles, which I found necessary to stabilize the frame rate in titles like Wing Commander. Other options include mouse capture, on-screen control scaling, and an image smoothing toggle for those who prefer altered graphics over the original pixelated rendering. Notably, the platform currently lacks native game controller support, relying instead on keyboard controls or external software mapping.

Technically, DOS.zone distinguishes itself from other in-browser solutions by supporting Windows 95 environments and 3dfx hardware acceleration. Loading a game like Road Rash prompts a brief Windows 95 boot sequence before launching the application. While this specific browser port lacks the original full-screen video and music, it runs consistently at 60 frames per second. The 3dfx support extends to titles like the original Grand Theft Auto and various hardware demos, rendering hardware-accelerated graphics entirely within the browser window.

The platform also integrates a multiplayer hub where users can join active network sessions for games like Quake or Half-Life Deathmatch. In my experience, some visual assets load dynamically during the initial session, which can cause minor stuttering, but the performance stabilizes once the caching is complete.

Because the underlying technology utilizes the open-source JS-DOS API, the emulation extends to mobile devices. Testing Need for Speed on a smartphone demonstrated that the platform automatically maps necessary game controls to the touchscreen, enabling mobile gameplay without requiring a dedicated app installation.

For users seeking a broader library, the Internet Archive remains a viable alternative with over 8,800 browser-playable DOS titles. However, DOS.zone provides a more specialized technical implementation with its inclusion of 3dfx, Windows 95 support, and built-in multiplayer routing, offering a highly accessible route to revisiting legacy software without the need to manually configure local emulators.

See more retro here!